HOW BATTERIES WORK
BATTERY PARTS
A battery is basically a mini-power plant, converting a chemical reaction into electrical energy. Dry cell (alkaline) batteries can differ in several ways, but they all have the same basic components.
Container
A steel casing that houses the cathode components.
Cathode
This is a mixture of manganese dioxide and carbon. Cathodes are the electrodes that are reduced by the electrochemical reaction.
Separator
The separator is a non-woven, fibrous fabric that keeps the electrodes apart.
Anode
A powdered zinc metal. Whilst the cathodes are reduced, the anodes are the electrodes that are oxidised in the reaction.
Electrodes
These are where the electrochemical reaction takes place.
Electrolyte
This is a potassium hydroxide solution in water and acts as the medium for the movement of ions within the cell. It also carries the ionic current inside the battery.
Collector
A simple brass pin in the middle of the cell that conducts electricity to the outer circuit.