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  • Chemical Reacts

    The chemical reaction starts when you insert a battery into a device and complete the circuit. A battery produces power through a chemical reaction.

  • Chemical Reacts

    A battery produces power through a chemical reaction.

  • Chemical Reacts

    Most chemical reactions produce energy in the form of heat, but - by confining chemicals inside the container and controlling the resulting reaction with a separator - batteries produce electrical energy.

  • Device Responds

    The electrolyte oxidizes the anode's powdered zinc. The cathode's manganese dioxide/carbon mix reacts with the oxidized zinc to produce electricity.

  • Device Responds

    The collector conducts the electric current out of the battery to an external circuit, such as contact points on a flashlight bulb or a portable CD player.

  • Voltage Drops

    As the battery is used and the zinc (anode) oxidizes, themanganese dioxide (cathode) is reduced.

  • Voltage Drops

    Interaction between the zinc and the electrolyte produces reaction products, which gradually slows the cell's action and lowers its voltage.

  • Voltsge Drops

    At the same time, the available manganese dioxide depletes, becoming less and less active as a cell cathode. There factors combine to cause a gradual drop in battery's "working or operating voltage"